Jonathan Spouge
| Club | The Vanguard Centre |
| Nationality | United Kingdom |
Ratings
| Category | Rank (current) | Weighted Rating (current) | Rank (best) | Weighted Rating (best) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Longsword | ||||
| - Mixed & Men's Steel Longsword | 558 (top 9%) | 1485.4 | 377 (October 2015) | 1486.9 (February 2025) |
| Sabre | ||||
| - Mixed & Men's Steel Sabre | 294 (top 13%) | 1451.9 | 222 (February 2023) | 1453.1 (February 2025) |
| Singlestick | ||||
| - Mixed & Men's Singlestick | 66 (top 14% of island) | 1432.2 | 23 (3 months) | 1437.8 (September 2024) |
Record
| Division | Total | Win | Loss | Draw | Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Longsword | 69 | 43 | 24 | 1 | 1 |
| Mixed Steel Sabre | 29 | 18 | 10 | 1 | 0 |
| Mixed Singlestick | 24 | 14 | 9 | 1 | 0 |
| Sum | 122 | 75 | 43 | 3 | 1 |
Full rating histories
Mixed & Men's Steel Longsword
The fighter has been on an island, I.E. has no direct link to most fighters, in 9 out of 114 months
Missing sections mean that the fighter was inactive, I.E. had not competed in 24 months or more.
October 2015
377
964.6
November 2015
417
964.1
December 2015
421
963.6
January 2016
443
963.1
February 2016
466
962.6
March 2016
508
962.1
April 2016
544
961.5
May 2016
547
961
June 2016
620
960.5
July 2016
649
960
August 2016
679
959.5
September 2016
741
959
October 2016
851
958.5
November 2016
886
958
December 2016
915
957.5
January 2017
970
957
February 2017
1038
956.4
March 2017
1124
955.9
April 2017
1245
955.4
May 2017
1306
954.9
June 2017
1340
954.4
July 2017
1367
953.9
August 2017
1407
953.4
September 2017
1505
952.9
October 2017
1080
1109.2
November 2017
1128
1108.5
December 2017
1165
1107.8
January 2018
1194
1107.2
February 2018
1252
1106.5
March 2018
1296
1105.8
April 2018
1376
1105.1
May 2018
1438
1104.4
June 2018
1489
1103.8
July 2018
1500
1103.1
August 2018
1522
1102.4
September 2018
1054
1236.7
October 2018
1083
1235.9
November 2018
1130
1235
December 2018
1097
1247.4
January 2019
1115
1246.4
February 2019
1128
1245.5
March 2019
1145
1244.5
April 2019
1175
1243.5
May 2019
1199
1242.6
June 2019
1162
1252.3
July 2019
1171
1251.3
August 2019
1189
1250.3
September 2019
1222
1249.3
October 2019
1274
1248.3
November 2019
1289
1247.3
December 2019
920
1336.4
January 2020
933
1335.2
February 2020
948
1334
March 2020
946
1332.8
April 2020
934
1331.6
May 2020
925
1330.4
June 2020
901
1329.3
July 2020
898
1328.1
August 2020
892
1327
September 2020
880
1325.8
October 2020
858
1324.7
November 2020
833
1323.5
December 2020
812
1322.4
January 2021
802
1321.3
February 2021
799
1320.2
March 2021
777
1319.1
April 2021
749
1318
May 2021
718
1316.9
June 2021
706
1315.8
July 2021
694
1314.7
August 2021
671
1313.6
September 2021
642
1312.6
October 2021
600
1311.5
November 2021
538
1310.4
December 2021
1309.4
January 2022
1308.3
February 2022
403
1332.5
March 2022
420
1331.3
April 2022
464
1330.2
May 2022
499
1329
June 2022
544
1327.8
July 2022
579
1326.6
August 2022
600
1325.5
September 2022
637
1324.3
October 2022
667
1323.2
November 2022
697
1322
December 2022
712
1320.9
January 2023
741
1319.8
February 2023
494
1413.8
March 2023
516
1412.5
April 2023
530
1411.2
May 2023
569
1409.9
June 2023
600
1408.6
July 2023
631
1407.4
August 2023
632
1406.1
September 2023
655
1404.9
October 2023
686
1403.7
November 2023
711
1402.4
December 2023
719
1401.2
January 2024
739
1400
February 2024
683
1415.3
March 2024
702
1414
April 2024
710
1412.7
May 2024
696
1425.1
June 2024
726
1423.7
July 2024
750
1422.4
August 2024
767
1421
September 2024
505
1485.2
October 2024
523
1483.7
November 2024
537
1482.2
December 2024
553
1480.8
January 2025
564
1479.3
February 2025
543
1486.9
March 2025
558
1485.4
Mixed & Men's Steel Sabre
The fighter has been on an island, I.E. has no direct link to most fighters, in 7 out of 38 months
February 2022
325
1013.2
March 2022
309
1012.7
April 2022
331
1012.1
May 2022
335
1011.5
June 2022
366
1010.9
July 2022
384
1010.4
August 2022
389
1009.8
September 2022
460
1009.2
October 2022
470
1008.7
November 2022
490
1008.1
December 2022
510
1007.5
January 2023
528
1007
February 2023
222
1324.6
March 2023
233
1323.8
April 2023
245
1322.9
May 2023
254
1322.1
June 2023
278
1321.3
July 2023
282
1320.5
August 2023
283
1319.6
September 2023
313
1318.8
October 2023
329
1318
November 2023
354
1317.2
December 2023
349
1316.4
January 2024
356
1315.6
February 2024
380
1311.6
March 2024
388
1310.7
April 2024
401
1309.7
May 2024
321
1376.5
June 2024
350
1375.4
July 2024
350
1374.3
August 2024
348
1373.3
September 2024
346
1372.2
October 2024
376
1371.2
November 2024
398
1370.1
December 2024
402
1369.1
January 2025
421
1368
February 2025
289
1453.1
March 2025
294
1451.9
Mixed & Men's Singlestick
The fighter has been on an island, I.E. has no direct link to most fighters, in 18 out of 90 months
Missing sections mean that the fighter was inactive, I.E. had not competed in 24 months or more.
October 2017
87
1190.7
November 2017
91
1190.1
December 2017
106
1189.4
January 2018
125
1188.8
February 2018
126
1188.2
March 2018
126
1187.5
April 2018
133
1186.9
May 2018
140
1186.2
June 2018
140
1185.6
July 2018
140
1185
August 2018
143
1184.3
September 2018
91
1280.9
October 2018
94
1280.1
November 2018
93
1279.3
December 2018
82
1327.6
January 2019
92
1326.7
February 2019
99
1325.8
March 2019
99
1324.9
April 2019
100
1324
May 2019
100
1323.1
June 2019
100
1322.2
July 2019
101
1321.3
August 2019
102
1320.4
September 2019
105
1319.5
October 2019
103
1318.7
November 2019
101
1317.8
December 2019
101
1316.9
January 2020
101
1316.1
February 2020
98
1315.2
March 2020
98
1314.3
April 2020
98
1313.5
May 2020
98
1312.6
June 2020
99
1311.8
July 2020
100
1310.9
August 2020
96
1310.1
September 2020
93
1309.2
October 2020
87
1308.4
November 2020
87
1307.5
December 2020
1306.7
January 2021
1305.9
February 2021
1305
March 2021
1304.2
April 2021
1303.4
May 2021
1302.6
June 2021
1301.7
July 2021
1300.9
August 2021
1300.1
September 2021
1299.3
October 2021
1298.5
November 2021
1297.7
December 2021
1296.9
January 2022
1296.1
February 2022
1295.2
March 2022
1294.4
April 2022
1293.7
May 2022
1292.9
June 2022
1292.1
July 2022
1291.3
August 2022
1290.5
September 2022
1289.7
October 2022
1288.9
November 2022
1288.1
December 2022
1287.4
January 2023
1286.6
February 2023
1285.8
March 2023
1285
April 2023
1284.3
May 2023
1283.5
June 2023
1282.7
July 2023
1282
August 2023
1281.2
September 2023
1280.4
October 2023
1279.7
November 2023
1278.9
December 2023
1278.2
January 2024
1277.4
February 2024
1276.7
March 2024
1275.9
April 2024
1275.2
May 2024
1274.4
June 2024
1273.7
July 2024
1273
August 2024
1272.2
September 2024
61
1437.8
October 2024
63
1436.9
November 2024
63
1435.9
December 2024
66
1435
January 2025
63
1434.1
February 2025
65
1433.1
March 2025
66
1432.2
Match results
Mixed & Men's Steel Longsword - 69 fights
February 2025 - Glasgow HEMA Open 2025
Glasgow HEMA Open 2025
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Opponent rating | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool G | Nathan Shallcross | LOSS | 1286.44 | 56% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool G | Robin Young | WIN | Unrated | |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool G | Jay Li | WIN | 969.68 | 80% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool G | David Kindness | WIN | 925.82 | 76% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool G | Reuben Joseph Mowbray | WIN | 1046.31 | 85% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Top 16 - Eliminations | Jack Fraser | UNRATED LOSS | 1685.06 | 24% |
September 2024 - Edgebana 2024
Edgebana 2024
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Opponent rating | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Eighth-Finals | David Muir | WIN | 1304.82 | 57% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Elimination Bracket | Jack Neilan | WIN | Unrated | |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool Set 1 | Neil Donald | WIN | 1261.54 | 63% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool Set 1 | Laura Portabales | WIN | Unrated | |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool Set 1 | Alessandro Inguscio | WIN | 1114.54 | 58% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool Set 1 | Charles Cornell | WIN | 830.95 | 76% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool Set 1 | Stuart Calder | WIN | 1067.69 | 76% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Quarterfinals | Connor Kemp-Cowell | LOSS | 1651.92 | 25% |
May 2024 - London HEMA Open 2024
London HEMA Open 2024
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Opponent rating | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool Set 1 | Max van den Ekart | LOSS | 1702.18 | 21% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool Set 1 | Aaron Mead | WIN | 876.07 | 71% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool Set 1 | Patrick Lawton | WIN | 1351.50 | 64% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool Set 1 | Benjamin Beasley | WIN | Unrated | |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool Set 1 | Nikolay Kurtov | LOSS | 1103.39 | 59% |
February 2024 - Glasgow HEMA Open 2024
Glasgow HEMA Open 2024
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Opponent rating | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool E | Stuart Calder | WIN | 893.13 | 72% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool E | Jay Li | WIN | Unrated | |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool E | Alessandro Inguscio | WIN | Unrated | |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool E | Vytautas Zickus | LOSS | 1191.46 | 54% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool E | Madeleine Thomson | WIN | 819.76 | 85% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Quarter Final | Jack Fraser | LOSS | 1563.08 | 31% |
February 2023 - Glasgow HEMA Open 2023
Glasgow HEMA Open 2023
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Opponent rating | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Bronze Finals | David Muir | WIN | Unrated | |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool D | Owen Wright | WIN | 1109.47 | 65% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool D | Andrew Bussey | WIN | Unrated | |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool D | Jamie Budge | WIN | Unrated | |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool D | Mateusz Leksander | WIN | Unrated | |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool D | Christopher Wood | WIN | 924.91 | 87% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Quarter Finals | Scott Gallacher | WIN | 1251.58 | 52% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Semi Finals | Zoltan Betlen | LOSS | 1439.73 | 43% |
February 2022 - Glasgow HEMA Open 2022
Glasgow HEMA Open 2022
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Opponent rating | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool D | Dan Powell | LOSS | 1297.04 | 56% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool D | Rachel Terrell | WIN | Unrated | |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool D | Iain Murtagh | WIN | 745.27 | 78% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool D | Andrew Clarkson | WIN | 929.29 | 77% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool D | Michal Polaski | WIN | 1117.48 | 61% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Quarter Final | Owen Hahn | LOSS | 1457.22 | 39% |
December 2019 - Glasgow HEMA Open 2019
Glasgow HEMA Open 2019
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Opponent rating | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Finals | Jack Fraser | LOSS | 1551.57 | 24% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool B | Reuben Joseph Mowbray | WIN | 1183.52 | 53% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool B | Jack Fraser | LOSS | 1551.57 | 24% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool B | Ram Kumar Pari | WIN | Unrated | |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool B | Owen Wright | WIN | 1088.61 | 59% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool B | Scott Gallacher | LOSS | 1121.20 | 49% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Quarter Finals | Jacob Ford | WIN | Unrated | |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Semi Finals | Owen Wright | WIN | 1088.61 | 59% |
June 2019 - European Games Invitational Gala Tournament 2019
European Games Invitational Gala Tournament 2019
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Opponent rating | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool 2 | Yannick De smet | LOSS | 1662.10 | 18% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool 2 | Martin Fabian | LOSS | 1976.18 | 6% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool 2 | Ramona Polidori | WIN | 739.21 | 65% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool 2 | Lukas Mästle-Goer | LOSS | 1748.61 | 14% |
December 2018 - Glasgow HEMA Open 2018
Glasgow HEMA Open 2018
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Opponent rating | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool C | Jan Pavelka | DRAW | Unrated | |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool C | Robert Stephen Mowbray | LOSS | 958.61 | 61% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool C | Annemiek Van de Steeg | WIN | Unrated | |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool C | Owen Wright | WIN | 884.87 | 72% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool C | James Dougherty | LOSS | 1464.52 | 33% |
September 2018 - Edgebana 2018
Edgebana 2018
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Opponent rating | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Eighthfinal 2 | Alex Tawns | WIN | 1107.22 | 51% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool 3 | Federico Dall'Olio | LOSS | 1820.95 | 16% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool 3 | Thomas Kronberg | WIN | 1061.26 | 54% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Pool 3 | Anezka Havlikova | WIN | 847.42 | 71% |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Quarterfinal 1 | James MacGilp | LOSS | 1499.03 | 31% |
October 2017 - Edgebana 2017
Edgebana 2017
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Opponent rating | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Harris Watt | WIN | Unrated | ||
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Thomas Couturier | LOSS | 1735.05 | 22% | |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Majken Roelfszema | WIN | 1293.61 | 48% | |
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Niklas Evertsson | LOSS | 872.24 | 58% |
October 2015 - Swordfish 2015
Swordfish 2015
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Opponent rating | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Carl Ryrberg | LOSS | 1736.84 | ||
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Tiko ten Brink | WIN | Unrated | ||
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Aäron Faes | LOSS | Unrated | ||
| Mixed Steel Longsword | Alexander Stankevich | LOSS | Unrated |
Mixed & Men's Steel Sabre - 29 fights
February 2025 - Glasgow HEMA Open 2025
Glasgow HEMA Open 2025
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Opponent rating | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Sabre | Pool D | Zoltan Betlen | WIN | 1512.98 | 42% |
| Mixed Steel Sabre | Pool D | David Muir | WIN | 1398.64 | 45% |
| Mixed Steel Sabre | Pool D | Brian Schwartz | DRAW | 1223.33 | 55% |
| Mixed Steel Sabre | Pool D | Imogen Hendry | WIN | Unrated | |
| Mixed Steel Sabre | Pool D | Reuben Joseph Mowbray | WIN | 971.91 | 66% |
| Mixed Steel Sabre | Quarter Finals | Mark Wilkie | LOSS | 1527.70 | 41% |
May 2024 - London HEMA Open 2024
London HEMA Open 2024
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Opponent rating | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Sabre | Elimination Bracket | Jacek Kaminski | LOSS | 1337.07 | 56% |
| Mixed Steel Sabre | Pool Set 1 | Pedro San Miguel | LOSS | 1905.84 | 11% |
| Mixed Steel Sabre | Pool Set 1 | Jorge Peinado Izaguerri | WIN | Unrated | |
| Mixed Steel Sabre | Pool Set 1 | Derek Farmer | WIN | 1175.07 | 62% |
| Mixed Steel Sabre | Pool Set 1 | Sebastian Tym | WIN | 995.23 | 75% |
| Mixed Steel Sabre | Pool Set 1 | Scott Alexander | WIN | 1124.00 | 53% |
February 2024 - Glasgow HEMA Open 2024
Glasgow HEMA Open 2024
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Opponent rating | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Sabre | Pool A | Benjamin Hamilton | LOSS | 1567.55 | 32% |
| Mixed Steel Sabre | Pool A | Bogdan Vynohradov | WIN | Unrated | |
| Mixed Steel Sabre | Pool A | Brian Schwartz | LOSS | 1029.86 | 60% |
| Mixed Steel Sabre | Pool A | Alexandru-Daniel Chirita | WIN | 766.38 | 75% |
February 2023 - Glasgow HEMA Open 2023
Glasgow HEMA Open 2023
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Opponent rating | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Sabre | Championship | Benjamin Hamilton | LOSS | 1461.71 | 29% |
| Mixed Steel Sabre | Pool D | Christopher Strang-Moran | WIN | 1311.96 | 41% |
| Mixed Steel Sabre | Pool D | Scott Gallacher | WIN | Unrated | |
| Mixed Steel Sabre | Pool D | Gary Gillies | LOSS | 869.63 | 57% |
| Mixed Steel Sabre | Pool D | Mark Hudson | WIN | Unrated | |
| Mixed Steel Sabre | Pool D | Perth Ophaswongse | WIN | Unrated | |
| Mixed Steel Sabre | Quarter Finals | Marcus McCormick | WIN | Unrated | |
| Mixed Steel Sabre | Semi Finals | Jacek Kaminski | WIN | Unrated |
February 2022 - Glasgow HEMA Open 2022
Glasgow HEMA Open 2022
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Opponent rating | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Steel Sabre | Pool A | Vytautas Zickus | LOSS | Unrated | |
| Mixed Steel Sabre | Pool A | Kerri Tamplin | WIN | 694.77 | |
| Mixed Steel Sabre | Pool A | Zoltan Betlen | LOSS | 1276.81 | |
| Mixed Steel Sabre | Pool A | Gary Gillies | WIN | Unrated | |
| Mixed Steel Sabre | Pool A | Pedro San Miguel | LOSS | 1705.34 |
Mixed & Men's Singlestick - 24 fights
September 2024 - Edgebana 2024
Edgebana 2024
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Opponent rating | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Singlestick | Eighth-Finals | David Muir | WIN | Unrated | |
| Mixed Singlestick | Pool Set 1 | Wojciech Kwasik | WIN | Unrated | |
| Mixed Singlestick | Pool Set 1 | Harry Leng | WIN | Unrated | |
| Mixed Singlestick | Pool Set 1 | Spencer Worthington | WIN | Unrated | |
| Mixed Singlestick | Pool Set 1 | Andrew Mason | WIN | Unrated | |
| Mixed Singlestick | Pool Set 1 | Tam Darlugdach | WIN | Unrated | |
| Mixed Singlestick | Pool Set 1 | Alex Tawns | DRAW | Unrated | |
| Mixed Singlestick | Quarterfinals | Alyson Duffy | LOSS | Unrated |
December 2018 - Glasgow HEMA Open 2018
Glasgow HEMA Open 2018
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Opponent rating | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Singlestick | Pool B | Roger Siu Hang Lam | WIN | Unrated | |
| Mixed Singlestick | Pool B | James Dougherty | LOSS | Unrated | |
| Mixed Singlestick | Pool B | Scott Gallacher | WIN | Unrated | |
| Mixed Singlestick | Pool B | Neil Donald | WIN | 821.48 | 75% |
| Mixed Singlestick | Pool B | James MacGilp | LOSS | 1543.90 | 33% |
September 2018 - Edgebana 2018
Edgebana 2018
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Opponent rating | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Singlestick | Pool 3 | Benjamin Hamilton | LOSS | 1647.17 | 29% |
| Mixed Singlestick | Pool 3 | Thomas Kronberg | WIN | 1233.45 | 49% |
| Mixed Singlestick | Pool 3 | Owen Wright | WIN | Unrated | |
| Mixed Singlestick | Pool 3 | Federico Dall'Olio | LOSS | Unrated |
October 2017 - Edgebana 2017
Edgebana 2017
| Division | Stage | Opponent | Outcome | Opponent rating | Win chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Singlestick | Benjamin Hamilton | LOSS | 1619.32 | ||
| Mixed Singlestick | Benjamin Hamilton | LOSS | 1619.32 | ||
| Mixed Singlestick | James MacGilp | LOSS | Unrated | ||
| Mixed Singlestick | Michel Rensen | LOSS | 1377.71 | ||
| Mixed Singlestick | Lewis Whyte | WIN | Unrated | ||
| Mixed Singlestick | Majken Roelfszema | WIN | Unrated | ||
| Mixed Singlestick | Stuart Calder | WIN | Unrated |